Grammar
Exercises
Master all 11 grammar topics. Four progressive levels, instant feedback, and live score tracking.
Tenses
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I ______ to work by bus every day.
She ______ TV right now.
We ______ dinner when you called.
I ______ this film before. It's great!
They ______ to Paris last summer.
Look at those clouds! It ______ rain.
I ______ English for three years now.
She ______ a doctor when she grows up.
What ______ you do yesterday?
He ______ football every weekend with his friends.
'I am going to visit my grandmother tomorrow' describes a plan.
'She has went to the market' is correct English.
'I was reading when the phone rang' is correct Past Continuous.
'He work here since 2019' is correct.
'We didn't go out last night' is a correct Past Simple negative.
Complete: I ______ (not/see) this film before. Can we watch it?
Complete: What time ______ you ______ (wake up) this morning?
Complete: She ______ (work) here for ten years and loves her job.
Complete: I ______ (study) when my brother called me.
Complete: Next Saturday we ______ (visit) the new museum.
I ______ never ______ sushi. I'd like to try it!
She ______ her homework by the time I arrived.
I ______ here since I was born — I love this city.
It ______ a lot last winter. The roads were very dangerous.
By next year I ______ this company for a whole decade.
'I didn't used to like vegetables' is correct.
'They are having a party tonight' can refer to a future plan.
Complete: By the time she arrived, we ______ (already/eat).
Complete: Scientists believe temperatures ______ (rise) significantly by 2100.
Complete: I ______ (just/finish) my report — it's finally done!
By the time I got to the station, the train ______ already ______.
I ______ for this job since January with no response yet.
Don't call her between 2 and 4 — she ______ her afternoon class.
He ______ chess since he was six and is now a champion.
Complete: When I ______ (arrive) home, my family ______ (wait) for me.
Complete: I ______ (never/travel) by plane before my trip to London last year.
Complete: By the time you read this, I ______ (already/leave) for the airport.
Complete: She ______ (work) at the company for five years when she got promoted.
Complete: I ______ (not/feel) well lately — I think I need a doctor.
Complete: What ______ you ______ (do) at 8 PM last night?
I promise I ______ you as soon as I have any news at all.
She ______ in three countries before she turned 30.
This time tomorrow we ______ on the beach in Alicante!
She ______ her keys — she can't find them anywhere right now.
I ______ hardly ______ when the alarm went off this morning.
'She is always losing her keys' can express annoyance at a habit.
'I have been to London' and 'I have gone to London' mean the same thing.
'By 2050 scientists will have discovered a cure' uses Future Perfect correctly.
Complete: The economy ______ (grow) steadily for the past three years.
Complete: I ______ (not/meet) him before that conference last March.
Complete: She ______ (study) medicine for six years before she qualified.
Complete: They ______ (just/announce) the results on the radio.
Complete: I'm exhausted! I ______ (clean) the house all morning.
He looks tired — he ______ all night without stopping.
I ______ my boss three times today but she hasn't responded yet.
The meeting ______ by the time she finally arrived at the office.
______ you ever eaten snails? I'm trying them for the first time tonight!
'I will have been working here for 20 years next January' is Future Perfect Continuous.
Complete: While she ______ (cook) dinner, her children ______ (do) their homework.
Complete: I ______ (never/see) such a beautiful sunset as the one last night.
She realised she ______ her umbrella at the café earlier.
Complete: I wish I ______ (study) harder when I was at school.
Find the error: 'I have seen her yesterday at the market.'
Find the error: 'She is knowing the answer perfectly well.'
Find the error: 'They didn't went to school last Monday.'
Find the error: 'By next year I will finish my degree.'
Find the error: 'I am living here since 2015.'
Find the error: 'I have never went abroad before this trip.'
Find the error: 'She is work here for three years now.'
Find the error: 'We are all waiting here since 9 o'clock.'
Complete: It's the first time I ______ (eat) octopus — it's surprisingly good!
Complete: I ______ (not/realise) how important sleep was until I started night shifts.
Complete: She ______ (work) here for ten years now. She has so much experience.
Complete: I ______ (still/not/hear) back from the university about my application.
______ you ______ on that report all week? You look absolutely exhausted!
I ______ my keys everywhere but I still cannot find them anywhere.
She ______ coffee this morning, which is very unusual for her.
I can't believe how much the city ______ since I was born here.
He ______ dinner when the power went off suddenly.
Don't worry — I ______ the report before the meeting starts, I promise.
This is the most interesting book I ______ ever read in my life.
By the time we got to the cinema, the film ______ for twenty minutes already.
She ______ Spanish for years before she finally moved to Madrid to live.
Complete: He ______ (sleep) well since he started the new job three months ago.
Complete: She ______ (be) a nurse for twenty years. She has incredible experience.
Complete: She ______ (work) on the project for eight months before it was cancelled.
Complete: No sooner ______ (she/sit down) than the phone rang loudly.
Complete: ______ the project ______ (complete) by Friday? It's urgent.
Complete: By the time I retire, I ______ (teach) for 35 years.
Complete: I ______ (just/hear) the news when I burst into tears.
Identify and correct: 'I have been knowing her since we were at school together.'
Identify and correct: 'By the time she had arrived, everyone has already left.'
Identify and correct: 'This is first time I have been seeing this film.'
Identify and correct: 'She still haven't replied to my message from yesterday.'
Identify and correct: 'I've been to Spain last year and loved it.'
Identify and correct: 'We are all waiting here since 9 o'clock. Where are you?'
Identify and correct: 'If only I listen to her advice — things would be different now.'
Identify and correct: 'By the time I finish this degree, I will study for six years.'
Identify and correct: 'The more I am practising, the better I get.'
Identify and correct: 'I have lived here when I was young.'
'I've been reading this book for weeks.' What does this imply?
'She looked as if she had been crying.' This expresses:
'I'll be seeing the doctor at 3 tomorrow.' This implies:
'Hardly had I sat down when she walked in.' The tense pattern is:
'She would keep leaving her desk without telling anyone.' WILL/WOULD here expresses:
Which sentence uses a tense INCORRECTLY?
'It's the third time he has been late this week.' The tense used is:
Complete: 'The painting ______ (steal) sometime between midnight and 6am, police believe.'
Complete: 'The results ______ (not/announce) yet — we are still waiting nervously.'
Complete: Scientists say temperatures ______ (rise) by 2°C by 2100 unless action ______ (take).
Complete: 'No sooner ______ (the meeting/start) than the fire alarm went off.'
Complete: 'It's high time you ______ (learn) to drive — everyone else already has!'
Complete: 'Had I ______ (know) about the meeting, I would have come on time.'
Complete: 'She ______ (be) the most talented student I ______ (ever/teach).'
'Which pair is BOTH correct? A: I've known him for years / I've been knowing him for years. B: I've known him for years / I've known him since school.'
'I was wondering if you could help me.' The Past Continuous here expresses:
'She no longer sings as well as she once did.' This implies:
Complete: 'By the time you arrive, I ______ (cook) for three hours straight.'
Complete: '______ (be) the deadline tomorrow, we would have more time to revise.'
Complete: 'She ______ (already/pack) her suitcase — we can leave whenever you're ready.'
Modal Verbs
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You ______ eat in the library. It's strictly forbidden.
She ______ swim very well when she was only five years old.
I ______ like a glass of water, please. I'm very thirsty.
You look tired. You ______ go to bed earlier tonight.
It ______ rain later — those clouds look very dark.
You ______ bring a gift — but it would be a nice gesture!
Students ______ wear a uniform at this school. It's compulsory.
______ I open the window? It's quite warm in here.
She ______ be the new teacher — she looks very young!
They ______ arrived by now — their flight was three hours ago.
'You don't have to come' means 'it is forbidden to come'.
'I can speak English' expresses present ability.
'You should call her' gives advice.
'He might come tonight' means he is definitely coming.
'Would you like some tea?' is more polite than 'Do you want some tea?'
Complete: You ______ park here — it's a no-parking zone. (prohibition)
Complete: I ______ speak Spanish when I lived in Madrid. (past ability)
Complete: You ______ book in advance — just come when you like. (no obligation)
Complete: I'm not sure but she ______ be at the library right now.
Complete: ______ you help me carry these bags? They're really heavy.
It's dark already. He ______ have missed the last bus home.
The doctor said I ______ rest for at least a week.
'Shall I help you with that?' is an:
You ______ have called me — I was waiting all evening for your call!
I ______ like to thank everyone who helped with this project today.
'She may have the day off tomorrow' expresses permission or possibility.
'I would travel more if I had time' uses WOULD for a real future plan.
Complete: She ______ not be at home — her car isn't in the driveway.
Complete: I ______ always tell the truth. It's really important in life.
Complete: ______ you mind closing the door, please? There's a draught.
He ______ be lying — his story doesn't add up at all.
The roads ______ be icy tomorrow — the forecast says it will freeze tonight.
She ______ have been driving for hours — she looks completely exhausted.
You ______ have told me earlier — now it's too late to change the plan!
When I was young I ______ run very fast, but now I get tired easily.
This exercise ______ take you about ten minutes if you work carefully.
There's no answer at the door. They ______ have gone out for the afternoon.
'Could' is sometimes used instead of 'can' to make a request sound:
I'd ______ take the train than drive — it's much less stressful.
'Shall we go for a walk?' is used to:
'Must' and 'have to' always mean exactly the same thing.
'You needn't have bought flowers' means you bought them but it wasn't necessary.
'She can't have arrived yet — the flight only landed ten minutes ago' is a logical deduction.
Complete: You ______ (not/need) to come early — the event starts at 8.
Complete: I ______ (not/believe) she failed — she studied so hard for weeks!
Complete: ______ you have any questions, please feel free to ask anytime.
Complete: She ______ (ought/tell) the truth from the beginning — this mess is her fault.
Complete: I ______ rather stay at home tonight — I'm really tired after work.
Complete: ______ I take a message for you? She's not in the office right now.
Complete: The rules state that passengers ______ turn off mobile phones during the flight.
Which sentence expresses a DEDUCTION about the past?
'I wonder if you ______ help me with this problem.' This expresses:
Which is MORE natural for a polite written request?
'She would always bring flowers when she visited.' WOULD here expresses:
By next month she ______ have completed her dissertation at last.
Complete: You ______ be joking! That's the most expensive price I've ever seen!
Complete: She ______ have been more careful — the accident was clearly her fault.
Complete: I ______ speak French when I was a student, but I've forgotten most of it.
Complete: ______ it be possible to rearrange the meeting for Thursday instead?
Complete: She is the last person to ______ (need) reminding — she never forgets anything.
Find the error: 'She must to leave now or she'll miss the bus.'
Find the error: 'You don't must enter without a badge.'
Find the error: 'Might you help me with this?' (as a standard polite request)
Find the error: 'Can I to use your phone for a moment?'
Find the error: 'She is able to speaks four languages fluently.'
Find the error: 'She should has called by now — something must be wrong.'
Find the error: 'You don't need bringing a laptop — we have computers.'
Find the error: 'I'd rather not to go out tonight — I'm exhausted.'
'She was seen to leave the building at midnight.' This passive structure means:
'He can't have been working there long — the company only opened last month.' This expresses:
'You might well be right about that.' MIGHT WELL suggests:
'You needn't have waited for me' means:
'This can't be the right address — there's no building here at all.' The modal expresses:
Which of these is NOT a use of WOULD?
'Dare' as a modal is used to express:
Complete: The parcel ______ (deliver) by now — it was dispatched three days ago.
Complete: They ______ (need/not/work) so hard — the deadline was extended anyway.
Complete: I ______ (rather/not/say) anything until I have all the facts first.
Complete: The fire ______ (start) by an electrical fault, investigators believe.
Complete: She looks exhausted. She ______ (not/sleep) well lately at all.
Complete: By the time the investigation ends they ______ (might/uncover) new evidence.
Complete: ______ you happen to know where the nearest pharmacy is?
Complete: The report ______ (need/submit) by 5pm Friday at the latest.
Complete: I ______ (used/not/enjoy) spicy food, but now I absolutely love it.
'I could manage to finish the report on time, despite the interruptions.' The subtle issue is:
'Should' in 'Should you need any help, call me' is a:
'I dare say she's right.' DARE SAY means:
'The new law means companies will no longer be allowed to...' expresses:
Complete: ______ any further information be required, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Complete: I ______ (as well/stay) at home — the film was a complete waste of time.
Identify the error: 'I could manage to finish the report on time despite all interruptions.'
Identify the error: 'They should of called before coming — it was very inconsiderate.'
Identify the error: 'She was made to waited for two hours by the officials.'
Identify the error: 'Can you be able to finish this by tomorrow?'
Identify the error: 'She might has taken the wrong bus — that would explain the delay.'
Identify the error: 'She is able to swimming across the lake at only seven years old.'
Identify the error: 'He insisted on coming, despite I had told him not to.'
'You will have received our previous email.' This WILL expresses:
'She need not have apologised — nobody was offended.' This implies:
'Students are expected to be able to work independently.' The modal meaning is:
'This painting could be a Picasso.' vs 'This painting must be a Picasso.' The difference:
'She will keep leaving her desk without telling anyone.' WILL here expresses:
Which sentence contains a modal used for EPISTEMIC (probability) meaning?
'Had I known you would be there, I would have come earlier.' The structure is:
'You'd best leave now if you want to catch the last train.' BEST here functions as:
Complete (formal): 'We ______ (be grateful) if you could confirm your attendance by Friday.'
Complete: 'She ______ (can/arrive) earlier — the roads were completely clear.'
Complete (formal letter): '______ any questions arise, please do not hesitate to contact us.'
Complete: 'I ______ (need/hardly/explain) how serious this situation actually is.'
Complete: 'You ______ (better/not/say) anything to her about the surprise — it'll ruin everything.'
Complete: 'The committee ______ (be meeting) right now to discuss the proposals.'
Complete: '______ you be prepared to consider a lower offer?' (formal negotiation)
Complete: 'All visitors ______ (report) to reception upon arrival.' (formal instruction)
Complete: 'He ______ (will/must/can) have been delayed — he's never usually this late.'
Complete: 'I ______ (rather/not/discuss) this in public, if you don't mind at all.'
Complete: 'No sooner ______ (she/sit down) than the alarm went off throughout the building.'
Complete: 'She ______ (be/believe/be) the strongest candidate by far for this role.'
Complete: 'The fire ______ (may/start) by an electrical fault, according to investigators.'
'She can't have been working there long — the company only opened last month.' This is:
Conditionals
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If you heat ice, it ______ water.
If I ______ rich, I would buy a house by the sea.
If it rains tomorrow, we ______ the match.
She ______ miss the bus if she doesn't leave now.
If I had more time, I ______ travel around the world.
What type of conditional is: 'If the weather is good, we'll go to the beach'?
What type is: 'If he trained harder, he'd be a better athlete'?
'Unless you hurry, you'll be late.' UNLESS means:
'Suppose you could live anywhere — where would you choose?' SUPPOSE works like:
'As long as you study, you'll pass.' AS LONG AS is similar to:
'If water freezes, it expands' is a zero conditional.
'If I will study harder, I will pass' is correct.
'If I were a bird, I would fly to Spain' is a second conditional.
Second conditional can be used to give advice: 'If I were you, I would...'
In first conditionals, we can use WHEN instead of IF for certain events.
Complete: If you ______ (not/eat) breakfast, you ______ (feel) tired all morning.
Complete: If I ______ (live) closer to work, I ______ (walk) every day.
Complete: If you ______ (mix) blue and yellow, you ______ (get) green.
Complete: What ______ you ______ (do) if you won the lottery?
Complete: If she ______ (work) harder, she ______ (pass) all her exams.
Complete: If I ______ (be) taller, I ______ (be able to) join the basketball team.
Complete: If the government ______ (invest) more in education, society ______ (improve).
Complete: We ______ (not/have) this problem if people ______ (recycle) more.
Complete: If there ______ (be) less pollution, cities ______ (be) much healthier.
Complete: If you ______ (not/water) plants, they ______ (die).
Complete: ______ you have any questions, please feel free to ask at any time.
Complete: If temperatures ______ (continue) to rise, many species ______ (face) extinction.
Complete: If I ______ (can) choose any job, I ______ (be) a marine biologist.
Complete: If it ______ (snow) heavily tonight, school ______ (cancel) tomorrow.
Complete: ______ I be you, I ______ speak to the teacher about it immediately.
If she had studied harder, she ______ the exam.
'Were I in your position, I would resign.' This is:
Mixed conditional: 'If I had taken that job, I would be living in New York now.' The tenses are:
'Unless he apologises, she won't speak to him.' This means:
'Even if it rains, we'll go.' This means:
'In case it rains, take an umbrella.' IN CASE means:
'I wish I lived closer to the sea.' This wish uses a structure similar to which conditional?
'I'll help you with the project, provided ______ give me credit.' The gap is:
'What would you do differently if you could live your life again?' uses:
'Only if you apologise will she forgive you.' The inversion emphasises:
'If I would have known, I would have called you' is correct.
Third conditional can be used to talk about past unreal situations.
'If only she had told me the truth' expresses a wish about the past.
Complete: If only I ______ (listen) to her advice — everything would be different now.
Complete: I would tell you the answer ______ (provided/know) it myself.
Complete: Had I ______ (know) about the meeting, I ______ (come) on time.
Complete: If it ______ (not/be) for her help, I ______ (fail) the exam completely.
Complete: ______ they arrive early, the meeting can start without me. (formal)
Complete: I ______ (call) you as soon as I ______ (arrive) at the hotel.
Complete: ______ (not/for) the rain, the ceremony ______ (be) perfect.
Complete: Suppose you ______ (can/choose) any career — what ______ you ______ (do)?
Complete: ______ (suppose) you were offered a job abroad — ______ (will/accept) you it?
Complete: If I ______ (be) you, I ______ (not/say) that to the boss.
Complete: ______ anything go wrong, contact me immediately. (formal/official)
Complete: If she ______ (not/be) so busy, she ______ (travel) much more.
Complete: Unless you ______ (apologise) immediately, she ______ (not/forgive) you.
Complete: If I ______ (have) enough money saved, I ______ (go) travelling this year.
Complete: Even if she ______ (try) harder, she ______ (not/pass) — it was too difficult.
Complete: What ______ (happen) if penicillin ______ (not/discover)?
Complete: She talks as if she ______ (know) everything — it's very annoying.
Find the error: 'If I would have known, I would have called you.'
Find the error: 'If you will come tomorrow, we can discuss the project.'
Find the error: 'If he studied medicine, he will become a doctor.'
Find the error: 'Unless you won't apologise, I won't speak to you.'
Find the error: 'If I were to knew the answer, I would tell you.'
Find the error: 'Suppose he has taken the wrong turn, what should we do?'
Find the error: 'Supposing I had the money, I will buy that house.'
Find the error: 'In case you will need help, just call me.'
Find the error: 'She would have gone if she would have had a ticket.'
Find the error: 'Were the government to invested more, the situation would improve.'
'Had I not intervened, the situation could have been catastrophic.' The structure is:
'What if we took a different approach?' expresses:
'Not until the results were published would she know if she had passed.' WOULD here is:
'Even if she had tried, she wouldn't have succeeded.' This means:
'I wouldn't be standing here today if it hadn't been for my parents' support.' This is:
'It's time you learnt to drive.' The Past Simple here expresses:
'If you should change your mind, do let me know.' The use of SHOULD here:
Complete: 'But ______ her quick thinking, the accident ______ (be) much worse.'
Complete: 'She ______ (look) as though she ______ (see) a ghost — her face was white.'
Complete: 'On condition that the price ______ (reduce), we ______ (sign) the contract.'
Complete: 'Time is short. ______ we start now, we ______ (not/finish) on time.'
Complete: 'If only she ______ (tell) me the truth, I ______ (not/be) so upset right now.'
Complete: 'Had she ______ (study) more diligently, she ______ (pass) with flying colours.'
Complete: 'I ______ (call) you as soon as I hear any news about it.'
Complete: 'What ______ you ______ (do) if you ______ (discover) you had a hidden talent?'
Complete: 'She ______ (not/be) in this situation ______ (if/she/listen) to advice.'
Complete: '______ (were/not/be) for the scholarship, I ______ (not/study) abroad.'
Complete: 'I ______ (rather/you/not/mention) this to anyone else.'
Complete: 'The project ______ (succeed) if better planning ______ (put) in place.'
Complete: 'Provided that all parties ______ (sign) the agreement, we ______ (proceed).'
Identify the error: 'If he would have been more careful, he would have avoided the accident.'
Identify the error: 'Were she to accepts the offer, it would transform her career.'
Identify the error: 'In case that you need help, call me.'
Identify the error: 'Imagining you could go back in time, what period would you choose?'
Identify the error: 'Not until the results will be published will she know.'
Identify the error: 'She would have gone if she would have had a ticket.'
Identify the error: 'Unless she apologises, she won't be forgiven. Otherwise, forgiveness is possible.'
'But for the rain, we would have had a perfect picnic.' BUT FOR expresses:
'Were she to accept the offer, it would transform her career.' This form is used in:
'No sooner had I sat down than the alarm went off.' This is closest to:
'I would sooner resign than work under those conditions.' SOONER expresses:
'What would have happened if penicillin hadn't been discovered?' This explores:
'Only if every nation commits to reducing emissions will we meet the targets.' The inversion after ONLY IF:
'Assuming the forecast is correct, we will cancel the event.' ASSUMING here acts like:
'I'd rather you didn't say anything about this to anyone.' The structure means:
Complete: 'Not only ______ (the project/fail) if she leaves, but the team ______ (be affected).'
Complete: 'Had it not been for the intervention of the UN, the conflict ______ (escalate) catastrophically.'
Complete: 'In the event ______ (the system/fail), backup protocols ______ (activate) automatically.'
Complete: '______ it not be for his bravery, many lives ______ have been lost.'
Complete: 'The road ______ (not/flood) if it ______ (build) to a higher standard.'
Complete: 'She ______ (never/become) a doctor ______ (were/not/be) for her determination.'
Complete: 'I should ______ (warn) you earlier — I sincerely apologise for not doing so.'
Complete: 'On condition that ______ (maintain) a B average, the scholarship ______ (renew).'
Complete: '______ (suppose) they had offered you the role — would you have taken it?'
Complete: 'Rather than ______ (fail), she would quit the programme altogether.'
Complete: 'It's high time politicians ______ (take) climate change seriously.'
Complete: 'She ______ (could/arrive) earlier — the roads were completely clear.'
Complete: 'If temperatures ______ (rise) as predicted, coastal cities ______ (face) serious flooding.'
Complete: 'Were ______ (any/problem/arise), please contact me directly on my mobile.'
Complete: 'She ______ (not/be) in this position today ______ (if/she/not/work) so hard throughout her career.'
Comparatives
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She is ______ than her sister by about ten centimetres.
This is ______ film I have ever seen.
good → ______ → ______
'She is more tall than her brother' is correct English.
Complete: This exercise is ______ (easy) than the last one.
Complete: This coffee is not as ______ (hot) as the one I had before.
Traffic is getting ______ every year.
Complete: Public transport is ______ (cheap) than owning a car.
'This is the most expensive hotel in the city' is correct.
bad → ______ → ______
Complete: The ______ (much) you practise, the ______ (good) you get.
City life is not as ______ as living in the countryside.
Complete: This is ______ (interesting) book I have ever read.
Which is WRONG?
'This is the cheapest option available' is correct.
Complete: People are ______ (aware) of environmental issues than twenty years ago.
She is ______ intelligent than her exam results suggest.
Complete: Electric cars are becoming more and ______ (popular).
'She's twice as fast as her sister.' This means:
Complete: Is London ______ (expensive) than Paris?
'This is far better than I expected.' FAR here:
Complete: She works ______ (hard) than anyone else in the office.
'He is as clever as Einstein' is possible in English.
Complete: This summer has been the ______ (hot) on record.
Which sentence uses THAN correctly?
Complete: The project is taking ______ (long) than we planned.
'She's almost as tall as her father.' ALMOST AS means:
Complete: The ______ (old) we get, the ______ (wise) we become.
'She's not nearly as experienced as her colleague.' NOT NEARLY AS means:
Complete: He runs ______ (fast) than any of his teammates.
The ______ you sleep, the ______ you function the next day.
'This is by far the most challenging project.' BY FAR means:
Complete: No other city is as ______ (beautiful) as Venice.
'She's a far more experienced lawyer than her opponent.'
Complete: Online shopping is becoming more ______ (convenient) but more ______ (impersonal).
'The situation is getting worse and worse.' This means:
Complete: The test was ______ (difficult) than I expected, which was a relief.
Complete: The fewer cars on the road, the ______ (safe) it is for cyclists.
'Latin is nowhere near as widely spoken as before.' NOWHERE NEAR AS means:
Complete: Prices are ______ (high) now than at any other time in the last decade.
'The more connected we become, the ______ isolated we feel.'
Complete: Travelling by train is ______ (comfortable) and ______ (relaxing) than driving.
Which intensifier is WRONG with a comparative?
Complete: Climate change is getting more and more ______ (serious).
'She's not half as good as she thinks.' NOT HALF AS means:
Complete: The ______ (soon) you book, the more ______ (likely) you are to get a good price.
'He works twice as hard as anyone else.' TWICE AS means:
Complete: The results were ______ (disappointing) than we had hoped for.
INCREASINGLY in 'people are increasingly aware' functions as:
Complete: She's ______ (tall) than I remembered.
'One of the most fascinating topics I have studied.' ONE OF THE MOST means:
Complete: Technological advancement is ______ (rapid) than at any previous point in history.
'Far from satisfactory' means:
Complete: The ______ (long) the meeting goes on, the ______ (productive) it becomes.
'She performed considerably better than last year.' CONSIDERABLY here:
Complete: She's ______ (tall), if not taller, than anyone who has applied.
'Much of what she said was inaccurate.' MUCH OF is used with:
Complete: The ______ (little) said about that incident, the ______ (good).
'She managed the crisis far better than expected.' FAR here:
Complete: Growth in the sector has been ______ (rapid) than in any comparable market.
Find the error: 'She is the most cleverest student in the class.'
Find the error: 'This problem is far much worse than last year.'
Find the error: 'She drives more carefully as her brother.'
Find the error: 'This is more easier to understand than the other explanation.'
Find the error: 'She is tallest girl in her year.'
Find the error: 'Of the two options, this is the most practical.'
Find the error: 'He speaks English more better since he started watching films in VO.'
Find the error: 'No sooner had the results arrived that the celebration began.'
'The richer you become, the less satisfied you tend to be.' This describes:
Complete: The ______ (complex) the issue, the more ______ (time) it takes to resolve.
'She's not the most organised person, to say the least.' This implies:
Find the error: 'This is one of the most unique experiences I've ever had.'
Complete: The earlier you book, the more ______ (likely) you are to get a good price.
'She no longer sings as well as she once did.' This implies:
Find the error: 'Among the two candidates, she was clearly the most qualified.'
Complete: The project is ______ (far) more ______ (complex) than anyone had anticipated.
'The more technology advances, the less privacy we have.' This is a ______ relationship.
Complete: That was by ______ the most challenging experience of my career.
Find the error: 'His speech was more unique than any other at the conference.'
Complete: She ______ (be) the most talented student I ______ (ever/teach).
'She is one of those people who always ______ the answer.' Correct verb:
Complete: He is as ______ (intelligent), if not more so, than anyone who has applied.
'Arguably the most influential thinker of his generation.' ARGUABLY functions as:
Complete: The deal was ______ (favourable) than either side had hoped.
'He's not half as good as he thinks.' NOT HALF AS means:
Complete: Technological advancement is ______ (rapid) than at any previous point in history.
'The disparity was even greater than first reported.' EVEN here:
Complete: No two fingerprints are exactly ______ (alike). Each one is ______ (unique).
Find the error: 'She performed most excellently among all the candidates.'
Complete: The ______ (little) said about that incident, the ______ (good).
Identify: 'This is the most optimal solution available.'
'Not so much the cost as the time involved.' This structure:
Identify: 'This is by far the most superior product on the market.'
'The fewer exceptions, the stronger the rule.' This expresses:
Complete: Her command of the language is ______ (comparable) to that of a native speaker.
'Second-to-none' means:
Identify: 'She is the more clever of the three siblings.'
Complete: The ______ (controversial) the proposal, the more ______ (attention) it attracts.
'Unparalleled' means:
Complete: He is far less ______ (interested) in money than in making a difference.
'The situation is as complex as, if not more complex than, previously thought.' This conveys:
Complete: His argument is ______ (persuasive) than it first appears.
Identify: 'She is more superior to all other candidates in terms of experience.'
Complete: The findings are far from ______ (conclusive), yet they point in a clear direction.
'She performs exponentially better than last year.' EXPONENTIALLY here is used as:
Complete: That was by ______ the most challenging experience of my career.
'Her work ethic is unparalleled in this department.' UNPARALLELED means:
Complete: By far the most ______ (innovative) proposal, hers stood out immediately.
Identify: 'Growth has been more rapid, more innovative, and the most successful than any prior period.'
Complete: The ______ (long) the meeting goes on, the ______ (productive) it becomes.
'This version is considerably more stable than the previous release.'
Complete: There are more ______ (significant) differences between the two groups than initially assumed.
Identify: 'Among the two candidates, she was clearly the most qualified.'
Complete: She is as ______ (tall), if not taller, than anyone who has applied.
'Arguably the most influential thinker of his generation.' ARGUABLY:
Complete: He is more intelligent than ______ (anyone) realises — he deliberately downplays it.
'The more X, the less Y' expresses what type of relationship?
Complete: Growth in the sector has been ______ (rapid) than in any comparable market.
Identify: 'This is a far more unique design than anything I have seen.'
Complete: She is ______ (tall) than her height suggests — she carries herself ______ (well) than most.
Verb Patterns
Choose a level — your score tracks live
I enjoy ______ to music on the way to work.
She decided ______ a new job after the difficult year.
I avoid ______ junk food during the week.
He promised ______ on time for the meeting.
I don't mind ______ early if it helps the team.
'She refused eating the food' is correct.
Complete: I hope ______ (see) you at the party on Friday.
We finished ______ the report just before the deadline.
'I suggested to go to the cinema' is correct.
Complete: She keeps ______ (make) the same mistake over and over.
I'm good at ______ under pressure.
Complete: My teacher recommended ______ (practise) speaking every day.
After ______ dinner, we went for a walk.
'I would like to see you again' is correct.
Complete: He agreed ______ (help) with the project.
I fancy ______ out for dinner tonight.
Complete: They plan ______ (move) to a bigger flat next year.
She tends ______ late for most meetings.
'She missed to see her friends during lockdown' is correct.
Complete: I can't imagine ______ (live) without the internet.
He managed ______ finish before the deadline.
Complete: I'm thinking of ______ (change) my career soon.
Make + object + ______
Complete: Let them ______ (decide) for themselves.
I'm interested in ______ abroad next year.
Complete: She gave up ______ (smoke) last year.
He seems ______ a lot on his mind.
Complete: I'm looking forward to ______ (see) you next week.
She admitted ______ the document from the office.
Complete: I pretended ______ (not/see) him at the party.
Try ______ yoga — it might help with your back pain.
Remember ______ the windows before you go out tonight.
I stopped ______ coffee because it was affecting my sleep.
We stopped ______ something to eat on the way home.
I remember ______ this place as a child — it hasn't changed.
Complete: She regrets ______ (not/study) harder when she was at school.
He was used to ______ long hours at the factory.
Complete: I'm afraid of ______ (fly) — I much prefer trains.
They're considering ______ the project deadline.
Complete: I can't help ______ (laugh) when I hear that story.
She went on ______ about the topic for half an hour.
Complete: He went on ______ (become) one of the most successful entrepreneurs.
I meant ______ you earlier but I forgot.
Complete: This decision will mean ______ (work) much longer hours.
She was the first person ______ the summit in winter.
Complete: I had difficulty ______ (understand) the instructions at first.
There's no point ______ if you're not going to study seriously.
Complete: It's no use ______ (complain) — the decision has been made.
'Would you mind ______ the window?' for a polite request.
Complete: He denied ______ (take) the money from the drawer.
She can't stand ______ in traffic every morning.
Complete: They're bound ______ (find out) eventually.
I'd hate ______ you any trouble at all.
Complete: She ended up ______ (stay) at a hostel instead of the hotel.
I need ______ to this email before the end of the day.
Complete: It takes time ______ (get) used to a new culture.
She spent three hours ______ the presentation.
Complete: I'm not used to ______ (criticise) in front of everyone.
Which uses FORGET correctly?
Complete: She apologised for ______ (be) so late to the meeting.
Find the error: 'I enjoy to read novels in my free time.'
Find the error: 'She suggested to try a different approach.'
Find the error: 'I look forward to see you soon.'
Find the error: 'He was made to waited for three hours.'
Find the error: 'She admitted to having stole the document.'
Find the error: 'He was used to work long hours but now has better balance.'
Find the error: 'She promised not revealing the secret to anyone.'
Find the error: 'I suggested him to look for a new job.'
Find the error: 'He can't bear being criticising in public.'
Find the error: 'I miss to see my family every day now that I live abroad.'
'Try ______ yoga' vs 'Try ______ to sleep earlier.' The difference:
'She regrets telling him the truth.' vs 'She regrets to tell you...' The difference:
Complete: There is no point ______ (try) to change his mind — he's too stubborn.
Complete: She couldn't help ______ (laugh) when she tripped over the cat.
'She went on to win three more titles.' GO ON + to + infinitive means:
Complete: He's known for ______ (tell) stories that go on for hours.
Complete: She had trouble ______ (fall) asleep after the stressful day.
Complete: I'm sorry for ______ (not/let) you know sooner.
'I got him to fix my car.' GET + object + to + infinitive means:
Complete: She was lucky ______ (escape) without injury.
'It's worth ______ the extra mile in your studies.'
Complete: They accused him of ______ (steal) company funds.
'I can't face ______ another meeting today.'
Complete: I'm thinking of ______ (change) careers next year. [correct the error]
'She couldn't afford ______ a house in the city centre.'
Complete: He used to ______ (work) long hours but now has better balance.
Complete: What do you feel like ______ (eat)?
Complete: She couldn't help ______ (admire) his dedication to the project.
'I had difficulty ______ the instructions.' Best form:
Complete: I ______ (consider) applying for the position — do you think I should?
Identify: 'She was seen to leave the building at midnight.' Any error?
'I heard him playing' vs 'I heard him play.' The difference:
Complete: She didn't seem ______ (realise) how serious the situation was.
'I hate to say this' vs 'I hate saying this repeatedly.' The difference:
Identify: 'The evidence appears to pointing to a different conclusion.'
'It needs doing' vs 'It needs to be done' — are these equivalent?
Complete: I have no intention of ______ (accept) their offer — it's far too low.
'She was reported to have been working on the project for months.' The tense implied:
Identify: 'He is used to works late every Friday.'
Complete: I'd rather ______ (not/be) disturbed for the next hour.
'I happened to find the solution by accident.' HAPPEN + TO expresses:
Complete: She is understood ______ (resign) before the scandal broke.
'What would you have us do about this?' HAVE + object + bare infinitive:
Identify: 'Getting the contract signed proved being extremely difficult.'
Complete: It's high time companies ______ (take) responsibility for their carbon footprint.
'She couldn't bring herself to apologise.' BRING ONESELF TO means:
Complete: The suspect is alleged ______ (be/present) at the scene of the crime.
'I can't help but feel that something is wrong.' CAN'T HELP BUT means:
Identify: 'She insisted to see the manager immediately.'
Complete: He is believed ______ (be) the best candidate for the role.
'She had her portrait painted by a famous artist.' HAVE + object + past participle expresses:
Complete: I'd rather not ______ (discuss) this in public.
'There's no escaping the fact that...' THERE'S NO + -ing means:
Complete: The company is reported ______ (plan) to cut hundreds of jobs.
Identify: 'I'm tired of to hear the same excuses every time.'
Complete: She needs ______ (tell) the truth about what happened.
'What is there to gain from lying?' The infinitive TO GAIN expresses:
Complete: I have no intention of ______ (accept) their offer — it's far too low.
'I can't face ______ another meeting today.' FACE + -ing means:
Complete: She didn't seem ______ (realise) the gravity of the situation.
Reported Speech
Choose a level — your score tracks live
She said that she ______ English every day.
He told me that he ______ come to the party.
Report: 'I live in Madrid.' → She said she ______ in Madrid.
Report: 'I can help you.' → He said he ______ help me.
She asked me where ______ from.
In reported speech, we usually move the verb one tense back.
Report: 'I am working late.' → He said he ______ working late.
'Did you enjoy the film?' → She asked me if I ______ the film.
Report: 'Don't worry!' → She told me not ______ (worry).
He said he ______ tired and wanted to go home.
'Say' can be used with an indirect object: 'She said me that...'
Report: 'I will call you tomorrow.' → She said she ______ call me the next day.
'Come here!' → He told me ______.
Report: 'I have finished my homework.' → She said she ______ her homework.
She said that she ______ never been to Italy.
'Today' becomes 'that day' in reported speech.
Report: 'I can't hear you.' → He said he ______ hear me.
'Are you happy here?' → She asked me if ______.
Report: 'Don't be late!' → The teacher told us not ______ late.
'I must leave now.' → She said she ______ to leave.
'The doctor recommended taking more exercise' is correct reported advice.
Report: 'We are going to the cinema.' → They said they ______ to the cinema.
'How did you find out?' → She asked me ______.
Report: 'Please open the window.' → She asked me ______ the window.
'She may arrive late.' → He said she ______ arrive late.
Report: 'I was cooking dinner.' → She said she ______ dinner.
'She advised me to rest' is correct reported speech.
Report: 'I bought a new car yesterday.' → He said he ______ a new car the day before.
'I think you should apply.' → She said she ______ I should apply.
Report: 'Where do you work?' → He asked me where ______.
Report: 'I've been working on this for months.' → She told me she ______ on it for months.
Find the error: 'He said me that he was tired.'
'What are you doing?' → She asked me what ______.
Report: 'You must submit the form by Friday.' → He said I ______ the form by Friday.
'I might be late.' → She warned me that she ______ be late.
Find the error: 'She asked where did I live.'
Report: 'Have you ever visited Japan?' → She asked me if I ______ Japan.
'Don't open the box!' → She told me ______.
Report: 'I had already eaten before they arrived.' → He said he ______ before they arrived.
'We will have finished by Friday.' → They said they ______ by Friday.
Report: 'Can I use your phone?' → She asked if she ______ use my phone.
Complete: The manager announced that the meeting ______ (postpone) until the following week.
'I'll see you tomorrow.' → She said she ______ see me ______.
Find the error: 'She told that the exam was difficult.'
Report: 'Why haven't you called?' → He demanded to know why I ______ called.
'I used to work there.' → She mentioned that she ______ there.
Report: 'It's the best film I've ever seen.' → He claimed it was the best film he ______ ever seen.
HERE changes to ______ in reported speech.
Complete: He ______ (deny) having taken the money from the safe.
'We should act now.' → The scientist argued that they ______ act immediately.
Complete: The report ______ (state) that temperatures had risen by 1.5 degrees.
'I'm sorry I didn't call.' → She apologised ______ called.
'This happened yesterday.' → She said it had happened ______.
Complete: He ______ (point out) that the figures didn't add up.
'Will you come?' → She asked whether I ______ come.
Complete with a different verb: 'You should apply.' → My friend ______ me to apply.
Report: 'I've been working on this for months.' → She said she ______ working on it for months.
'I'd rather you stayed.' → She said she'd rather I ______.
Find the error: 'The scientist told the results showed a significant correlation.'
Complete: She ______ (threaten) to resign if the situation didn't improve.
Find the error: 'She suggested me to look for a new job.'
Find the error: 'He asked whether did I speak Spanish.'
Find the error: 'The spokesman said that the company will not comment.'
Find the error: 'She warned me that I don't touch the hot surface.'
Report: 'I didn't do it!' → He denied ______ (do) it emphatically.
'I would have helped if I'd known.' → She said she ______ have helped if she ______ known.
Report: 'I may have left my keys in the car.' → She wondered if she ______ left her keys.
Which reporting verb implies the speaker was NOT sure?
Complete: 'The minister ______ (acknowledge) that mistakes had been made.'
'Needn't' in reported speech becomes:
Report: 'Could you lend me your notes?' → He asked if I ______ lend him my notes.
Report: 'We have been working on this all day.' → They said they ______ on it all day.
'I'm not coming!' → She refused ______.
'Mind your own business!' → He told her ______.
Find the error: 'She told me I should to apply.'
Report: 'I'm thinking of leaving.' → He said he ______ leaving.
Which is the correct reported form of 'Let's go'?
Report: 'What a beautiful view!' → She exclaimed that ______.
'Ought to' in reported speech becomes:
Find the error: 'He said to me that I should to apply.'
Report: 'I've never eaten sushi before.' → He said he ______ eaten sushi before.
'You'd better hurry.' → She warned me that I ______ hurry.
Report formally: 'The situation requires immediate attention.' → The report ______ that the situation ______ immediate attention.
'I'll tell you, provided you promise not to tell anyone.' Reported:
Find the error: 'She announced she is pregnant.' (formal news context)
Complete: The CEO announced that the company ______ (plan) major restructuring.
Report: 'Do you know where the station is?' → She asked him whether he ______ where the station ______.
'I wish you would stop interrupting.' Reported: She expressed her wish that he ______ interrupting.
Complete: She ______ (insist) that he ______ (apologise) immediately.
Which is most appropriate for: 'The government kept saying it wasn't responsible'?
Identify: 'The CEO announced that the company are planning major restructuring.'
Identify: 'The witness testified that she has seen the suspect near the scene.'
Identify register issue: 'The professor goes, The paper is due Friday.'
'Never have I seen such courage.' Reported: He said that never ______ such courage.
Report: 'We will support your proposal.' → They assured her that they ______ her proposal.
'I've never seen anything like it in my life.' Reported: She said she ______ anything like it.
Report formally: 'The negotiations are at a critical stage.' → Officials indicated that the negotiations ______ at a critical stage.
'It's said that he earns a fortune.' This passive reporting structure means:
Complete (academic): 'The paper ______ (conclude) that the results ______ (support) the hypothesis.'
Complete: 'The minister ______ (maintain) that no laws had been broken.'
'This is by far the best solution.' → She argued it ______ by far the best solution.
Identify: 'He boasted about how he had single-handedly solves the problem.'
Report with formal verb: 'I didn't do it and I'm not responsible.' → The defendant ______ any wrongdoing.
'I'll look into it.' → She undertook to ______ into it.
'She appears to have known about this for months.' Reported: Sources suggested that she ______ about it for months.
Complete: 'The board ______ (resolve) that the merger ______ (proceed) subject to shareholder approval.'
Complete: 'The inquiry ______ (find) that safety protocols ______ (not/follow) adequately.'
'I'm going to make this work.' → She vowed ______.
Complete: 'I know nothing about it.' → He ______ (protest) that he knew nothing about it.
'Nobody told me anything.' → She complained that nobody ______ her anything.
Report: 'I'm not coming to the party.' → She ______ (refuse) to come to the party.
'Could you send me the document?' Reported: He asked if I ______ send him the document.
Complete: 'Take this medicine twice a day.' → The doctor ______ (instruct) me to ______ (take) the medicine twice a day.
Identify: 'She said she was going to resigned from her position.'
Complete: 'The evidence ______ (suggest) that the defendant ______ (not/be) present at the scene.'
'As far as I'm concerned, the matter is closed.' Reported: She declared that as far as she ______ concerned, the matter ______.
Complete: She ______ (reassure) me that everything would be fine.
'I'll help you with the project, provided you promise not to tell anyone.' Reported:
Complete: The spokesperson ______ (decline) to comment on the allegations at the press conference.
Complete: She ______ (urge) the committee to reconsider its decision immediately.
Relative Clauses
Choose a level — your score tracks live
The teacher ______ taught me English was very patient.
I love places ______ you can walk everywhere.
The book ______ I'm reading is about climate change.
Complete: I have a friend ______ speaks five languages.
I remember the day ______ I passed my driving test.
'The film that I watched last night was excellent' uses a relative clause correctly.
Complete: She has a sister ______ works as a doctor.
I grew up in a city ______ there are beautiful beaches.
Complete: The restaurant ______ we had lunch was excellent.
That's the man ______ car was stolen last week.
'This is the house which I grew up' is correct.
Complete: The film ______ won the Oscar was directed by a Spanish director.
I know someone ______ has been to every country in the world.
Complete: The technology ______ has changed my life most is the smartphone.
The year ______ I was born, a man walked on the moon.
WHO can refer to both people and animals.
Complete: I have a colleague ______ daughter is studying medicine.
That's the reason ______ I left early.
Complete: The organisation ______ I work for has offices in twenty countries.
In a DEFINING relative clause, can we omit the pronoun when it's the object?
Complete: Paris, ______ is the capital of France, is famous for its cuisine.
'The scientist, who won the Nobel Prize, is my professor.' This is a ______ relative clause.
Complete: She met someone ______ could change her life.
'The film that I told you about is brilliant.' THAT is the ______ of the clause.
Complete: Do you know the girl ______ is standing by the door?
Non-defining relative clauses use commas.
Complete: I'm reading a book ______ explores the history of artificial intelligence.
'The man whose wallet I found was very grateful.' WHOSE refers to:
Complete: My grandmother, ______ came from Ireland, taught me to cook.
Which word CANNOT start a defining relative clause about a thing?
'The man that I spoke to was very helpful.' Can THAT be omitted?
Find the error: 'This is the city where I grew up in.'
'There are few jobs ______ pay as well as this one.'
Combine: 'She has a brother. He is a famous architect.' → She has a brother ______.
'The hotel, ______ we stayed, was absolutely fantastic.'
Find the error: 'I know someone which speaks six languages.'
Complete: There's something ______ I need to tell you — it's important.
'The reason why I came' — WHY can be replaced by:
Combine: 'I met a woman. Her daughter is a famous singer.' → I met a woman ______.
In a non-defining relative clause, which pronoun CANNOT be used?
Complete: 'We visited the museum, ______ was closed, unfortunately.'
'Everything ______ she said was true.' Best relative pronoun:
Find the error: 'The house in that I was born has been demolished.'
Complete: 'She's the person to ______ I owe my success.'
'Whoever did this will be held responsible.' WHOEVER means:
Find the error: 'My friend, that I've known since school, is getting married.'
Complete: Whatever ______ (happen), I'll support you.
'I'll go wherever the job takes me.' WHEREVER means:
Complete: The company, ______ headquarters are in Berlin, employs 5,000 people.
'The film which I was talking about has won three awards.' Can this be reduced?
Complete: It was a time ______ nobody had mobile phones.
'She is the one ______ I thought would win.' Best choice:
Reduce: 'The woman who is sitting by the window is my manager.' → 'The woman ______ the window is my manager.'
'She gave me a book, ______ I found very helpful.' Best choice:
Complete: This is the place ______ the battle took place in 1812.
'He thanked everyone ______ had helped him.' Best choice:
Complete: He is the candidate ______ I would recommend most strongly.
Complete: The apartment ______ I stayed was beautiful.
'Whichever option you choose, I'll support you.' WHICHEVER means:
Complete: The era ______ we live in has seen unprecedented technological change.
Find the error: 'She's the person which helped me most.'
Formal version: 'The person I was talking to was helpful.' → The person ______ I was talking was helpful.
'This is the building in which I was born.' Can be rewritten as:
Find the error: 'The evidence, which clearly proved his guilt, were ignored.'
Reduce: 'The documents that have been submitted are under review.' → ______
'The committee, members of ______ had conflicting interests, failed to agree.'
Find the error: 'All what she said was completely false.'
Complete (formal): 'This is the proposal ______ we base our recommendation.'
'There is nothing ______ cannot be achieved with determination.' Best choice:
Reduce: 'The report which was written by the committee caused controversy.' → ______
'A person ______ you can trust completely is rare.' Best formal choice:
Find the error: 'She is one of those people who always knows the answer.'
Complete: 'We need someone in ______ we can place complete trust.'
'This is the hotel I mentioned.' vs 'This is the hotel that I mentioned.' The difference:
Find the error: 'The town in that I grew up no longer exists.'
Complete (academic): 'These are the conditions ______ the experiment was conducted.'
Complete: 'The treaty, ______ terms were negotiated over three years, finally came into force.'
'This is the machine, the design of which has been patented.' This means:
Combine formally: 'She gave a speech. The content moved everyone.' → ______
Find the error: 'The investigation, which it took two years, uncovered widespread fraud.'
Complete: 'This is the kind of opportunity ______ comes along once in a lifetime.'
'He did everything ______ was asked of him.' Best choice:
Complete: 'The patient, ______ condition had deteriorated rapidly, was transferred to ICU.'
'I'll support whomever you choose.' WHOMEVER is used because:
Find the error: 'She is the only one of the candidates who have the necessary experience.'
Complete: 'He is the candidate ______ credentials were most impressive.'
'Whatever the outcome, we will stand by our decision.' WHATEVER expresses:
Complete: 'The new regulation has implications, the implications of ______ are considerable.'
Find the error: 'These are the principles upon that our society is founded.'
Complete: 'There are aspects of the proposal ______ merit further discussion.'
'The theory, the implications of which are still debated, was proposed in 1950.' Identify the structure:
Identify: 'This is an issue about that we should all be concerned.'
Complete: 'This is a matter ______ all stakeholders should give careful consideration.'
'He cited studies, the findings of which were later retracted.' This means:
Complete (formal): 'The decade ______ the policy operated saw unprecedented growth.'
Identify: 'She was the candidate that her credentials were most impressive.'
'A world in which everyone has equal opportunities is my ideal.' This uses:
Complete (formal): 'This is precisely the kind of leadership ______ the country needs.'
'Whoever speaks first loses the negotiation.' WHOEVER here is:
Complete: 'This is a person in ______ I place complete trust.'
'She is the only one of the candidates who have the necessary experience.' The verb should be:
Complete: 'The findings, ______ implications are far-reaching, have been published in Nature.'
'The problem for which there is no easy solution...' FOR WHICH is formal for:
Complete: 'He presented a theory ______ elegance astonished the scientific community.'
'The era during which the policy operated...' DURING WHICH is formal for:
Identify: 'They are proposing a solution which, I believe that, will not work.'
Complete: 'These are the conditions ______ the experiment was conducted.'
'Insofar as he is concerned, the matter is closed.' INSOFAR AS means:
Complete: 'The company, ______ CEO resigned last month, is now under new management.'
'Whichever path you take, success depends on effort.' WHICHEVER expresses:
Complete: 'She is arguably one of the most talented musicians ______ has ever lived.'
Complete: 'These are the principles ______ we based our entire strategy.'
Complete: 'It was a decision ______ consequences would prove far-reaching.'
Identify: 'She is one of those scientists which have dedicated their lives to finding a cure.'
Complete: 'The argument ______ she makes is compelling, even if not entirely convincing.'
'Wherever there is a need, we will be there.' WHEREVER expresses:
Complete: 'The researcher, ______ work has been cited over 1,000 times, will receive the award.'
'This is an issue about which we should all be concerned.' The structure is:
Complete: 'It is a truth ______ all must eventually accept.'
Complete: 'The decade ______ she came of age shaped her worldview profoundly.'
Passive Voice
Choose a level — your score tracks live
English ______ in more than 50 countries.
The new law ______ last year after long debate.
More trees ______ in cities to reduce pollution.
Complete: A lot of waste ______ (produce) every year.
'The letter is writing by my secretary' is correct.
The exam ______ audio-recorded as an official document.
Complete: This building ______ (build) in the 1960s.
A lot of progress ______ in renewable energy over the last decade.
'The cake was eaten by the children' is a correct passive sentence.
Complete: Young people ______ (encourage) to learn languages from an early age.
Electric cars ______ at a much faster rate than ten years ago.
Complete: It ______ (estimate) that over a billion people speak English.
In a passive sentence, we always mention who did the action.
'The letter is being written.' This is passive ______ tense.
Complete: The report ______ (submit) by all students before Friday.
'It is believed that...' is an example of:
Complete: The windows ______ (clean) every week by the maintenance team.
'Recycling centres have been opened in most neighbourhoods' is Present Perfect Passive.
Complete: The company's profits ______ (affect) by the new regulations.
'The bridge is being built.' What does this tell us?
Complete: New policies ______ (introduce) next year to combat climate change.
'By' in a passive sentence introduces:
Complete: The data ______ (analyse) carefully before any conclusions were drawn.
'She was given a prize' is a passive sentence with two objects.
Complete: Spanish ______ (speak) in most of South America.
The museum ______ last month for renovation works.
Complete: Meals ______ (serve) between 12 and 2pm in the canteen.
'The car was stolen while I was shopping' uses the passive correctly.
Complete: It ______ (say) that laughter is the best medicine.
'The package has been delivered.' This is in the:
'She was given a promotion.' The subject of this passive is:
Complete: The suspect ______ (question) by police for three hours.
'They are building a new hospital.' Passive: A new hospital ______.
Find the error: 'The letter was writed by my assistant.'
Complete: By the time we arrived, the food ______ (already/eat).
'People say that she is the best.' Impersonal passive: It ______ that she is the best.
Complete: The new stadium ______ (open) by the mayor next month.
'They haven't finished the report yet.' Passive: The report ______ yet.
Complete: She ______ (tell) to report to the manager immediately.
'Someone must clean this office.' Passive: This office ______.
Complete: The manuscript ______ (discover) in the library archives last year.
'Nobody had cleaned the classroom before the students arrived.' Passive: The classroom ______ before the students arrived.
Complete: The application ______ (consider) currently by the committee.
'People reported that he had fled the country.' Impersonal passive: It ______ that he had fled.
Complete: Children ______ (not/allow) to enter without an adult.
'They will be renovating the building for months.' Passive: The building ______ for months.
Complete: The project ______ (delay) due to unexpected technical problems.
'The staff should have been informed earlier.' This expresses:
Complete: It ______ (believe) that the treasure was buried here in the 17th century.
'She got her hair cut yesterday.' GET + object + past participle means:
Complete: The old factory ______ (convert) into luxury apartments next year.
'He was made to work overtime.' In the passive, MAKE + object + bare infinitive becomes:
Complete: The new regulations ______ (implement) gradually over the next two years.
'The contract is to be signed by both parties.' IS TO BE means:
Complete: The fire ______ (believe/start) by an electrical fault.
'She was seen leaving the building.' SEEN + -ing vs SEEN + to leave:
Complete: Many species ______ (threaten) by deforestation and climate change.
'He was awarded a scholarship.' The active equivalent is:
Complete: The concert ______ (cancel) due to the singer's illness.
'Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke.' This is a:
Find the error: 'The report is been written by the team.'
Find the error: 'The building was build in 1920.'
Find the error: 'She was given to the award by the committee.'
Find the error: 'The criminal was saw running from the scene.'
Find the error: 'It is expected that the results will announced tomorrow.'
Complete: 'The research ______ (conduct) over a period of three years before conclusions were drawn.'
'Scientists have long believed that...' Impersonal passive: It ______ long ______ that...
Complete: 'He ______ (report) to have embezzled millions from the company.'
'They say she is the best candidate.' Personal passive: She ______ to be the best candidate.
Complete: The new bridge ______ (not/complete) on time due to budget cuts.
'People believe he escaped abroad.' Two passive structures:
Complete: The children ______ (tell) not to talk during the exam.
'She had her car repaired.' vs 'She had repaired her car.' The difference:
Complete: The suspect ______ (hold) for questioning since yesterday morning.
'By 2030, the technology will have been developed.' This is:
Complete: The announcement ______ (make) before the end of the week.
'The policy got changed without any discussion.' GET passive suggests:
Complete: She ______ (award) a scholarship to study at Oxford University.
'The proposal needs to be revised carefully.' The passive infinitive here expresses:
Complete: The regulations ______ (review) annually by the committee.
'He's known to have worked for the intelligence services.' This structure:
Complete: The meeting ______ (postpone) three times already this month.
'She was considered (to be) the best candidate.' The TO BE can:
Complete: The missing documents ______ (not/find) despite an extensive search.
'People expected that prices would rise.' Impersonal past passive: It ______ that prices would rise.
Complete: By the time the investigation concluded, the truth ______ (finally/uncover).
'The students are to be informed of the results by email.' IS TO BE expresses:
Complete: She ______ (see) leaving the office just before the incident occurred.
'The experiment was being conducted when the power went off.' This is:
Complete: The decision ______ (take) without consulting the board of directors.
Identify: 'She was seen to leaving the building late at night.'
'It is widely assumed that...' vs 'X is widely assumed to be...' The difference:
Complete (academic): 'The samples ______ (collect) over a six-month period and ______ (analyse) in the laboratory.'
'He is said to have been living abroad for years.' The structure expresses:
Identify: 'The phenomenon is understanding as a result of climate change.'
Complete: The information ______ (need/treat) as strictly confidential.
'No sooner had the announcement been made than...' The passive here is in:
Complete: The policy ______ (implement) in stages over the next three years.
'She got overlooked for promotion despite her qualifications.' GET + past participle here:
Complete: By the time the auditors arrived, all the evidence ______ (destroy).
'The results are understood to indicate a significant shift.' IS UNDERSTOOD TO expresses:
Complete: It ______ (allege) that the company knowingly broke the law.
'Having been overlooked three times, she finally resigned.' HAVING BEEN + past participle is:
Complete: The proposal ______ (vote on) at the next board meeting.
'The culprit is yet to be identified.' IS YET TO BE means:
Complete: It ______ (say) that actions speak louder than words.
'The suspect is believed to be hiding in the mountains.' Can also be expressed as:
Complete: She ______ (nominate) for the award three times before she finally won.
'The letter needs to be replied to.' This shows:
Complete: Instructions ______ (not/include) in the package — this was a major oversight.
'By this time next year, the new headquarters will have been fully operational for a decade.' The passive:
Complete: The medication ______ (administer) in controlled doses three times daily.
'He got himself elected by making impossible promises.' GET + reflexive + past participle expresses:
Complete: The findings ______ (publish) in a peer-reviewed journal next month.
Complete: Several amendments ______ (propose) before the final version of the bill was agreed.
'Not a word was spoken throughout the entire ceremony.' This passive inversion:
Complete: The data ______ (interpret) with caution, as the sample size was small.
Complete: Thousands of refugees ______ (displace) by the conflict in recent years.
'Rarely has such courage been seen.' The passive is inverted because:
Complete: Every care ______ (take) to ensure accuracy, but errors may occur.
Quantifiers
Choose a level — your score tracks live
There is ______ traffic in cities these days — it's a serious problem.
I have ______ friends who speak more than two languages — about four.
______ people recycle correctly — it's a serious environmental problem.
I don't have ______ time to exercise every day.
People spend ______ time on social media.
I have visited ______ countries in Europe — France, Italy, Portugal and Germany.
'Much' is used with countable nouns in positive sentences.
Complete: There are ______ advantages to learning English professionally.
'A few' vs 'few' — which has a more negative meaning?
Complete: She has ______ experience in this field — she just graduated.
'Some' is used in:
Complete: ______ people I know enjoy extreme sports — most prefer gentler activities.
'A little' and 'a few' both have positive meanings.
'There aren't ______ seats left — we should book soon.'
Complete: I speak ______ French, but not enough to have a full conversation.
We have ______ time before the train leaves — let's get a coffee.
Complete: ______ student in the class passed the final exam.
'Many young people prefer to rent rather than buy.' MANY is used with:
'Much' can be used in positive statements: 'She has much money.'
Complete: He has ______ patience — he gets frustrated very quickly.
'There is ______ milk left — we need to buy more.'
Complete: ______ of the students have already submitted their assignments.
'Every' takes a ______ verb.
Complete: I don't have ______ cash on me right now — can I pay by card?
'Neither of them wants to go' is correct.
Complete: We have ______ good news and ______ bad news.
'Both' is used with ______ nouns.
Complete: There are ______ cars on the road, causing traffic jams daily.
'None of the students ______ prepared for the exam.' Best verb form:
Complete: She has eaten ______ today — she must not be feeling well.
'There was ______ information available — we couldn't make a proper decision.'
Complete: ______ of the reports contained errors — about 30 out of 200.
'I have too ______ work and not ______ free time.' Best pair:
Find the error: 'There are a few water left in the bottle.'
Complete: ______ progress has been made on the project since last month.
'Most of the students ______ completed the assignment.' Correct verb:
Complete: She has ______ qualifications but ______ experience in this specific field.
'Each of the candidates ______ interviewed for twenty minutes.' Correct verb:
Complete: ______ the evidence points to one conclusion — he did it.
'There is no shortage of ______ in this city.' Best option:
Complete: ______ effort ______ (make) to ensure a fair outcome.
'The ______ the merrier!' Which quantifier structure?
Complete: She received ______ support from colleagues during the difficult period.
'Any' can mean 'every/whichever' in 'You can come at ______ time you like.'
Complete: I have ______ doubt that she will succeed — she's incredibly talented.
'We have too ______ candidates for the position.' Best choice:
Complete: ______ of us knew what to expect — it was a completely new situation.
'There's ______ left to do before the deadline.'
Complete: He's one of ______ people I know who can speak six languages.
'Both of the solutions work.' Can BOTH be replaced with ALL here?
Complete: There is ______ controversy surrounding this decision.
'She has very ______ friends in the city — she feels quite isolated.'
Complete: We have ______ evidence to proceed with the prosecution.
'The majority of the workforce ______ in favour of the new contract.'
Complete: ______ attendees arrived late due to the transport strike.
'Much of what she said was inaccurate.' MUCH OF is used with:
Complete: ______ of her parents speaks English, so communication was difficult.
'There are a number of issues to address.' A NUMBER OF takes:
Complete: She has made ______ mistakes but learned from each one.
'Every student in the class passed' vs 'All students in the class passed.' The difference:
Find the error: 'There are very little cars in this part of the city.'
Find the error: 'She has much friends who live abroad.'
Find the error: 'Every students must submit their work by Friday.'
Find the error: 'He has a few money saved for the trip.'
Find the error: 'None of the students were allowed to leave early.' (strictly formal)
Complete: The majority of the committee ______ (oppose) the motion, so it failed.
'There is a ______ amount of evidence to suggest climate change is accelerating.'
Complete: ______ of the original architecture remains — it was almost entirely demolished.
'Few, if any, alternatives exist.' FEW, IF ANY means:
Complete: She has ______ commitments and ______ time.
'The number of students applying has increased.' vs 'A number of students are applying.' The difference:
Complete: Not many of the solutions ______ (be) practical given the constraints.
'Countless opportunities have been missed.' COUNTLESS means:
Complete: ______ (much as) I admire her work, I cannot support this decision.
'There is precious ______ evidence to support that claim.'
Complete: ______ was achieved at the summit — all sides left disappointed.
'She has an abundance of talent.' AN ABUNDANCE OF means:
Complete: There are ______ issues that need to be addressed urgently.
'She has relatively ______ experience for someone her age.'
Complete: ______ of respondents agreed with the proposal.
'There are far ______ hotels in this city than people think.'
Complete: He knew ______ about the subject before he started researching.
'She has ______ regard for the rules.' This means she ______ the rules:
Complete: The conference attracted delegates from ______ thirty countries.
'She makes ______ mistakes for someone at her level — it's impressive.'
Complete: He is one of ______ people I trust completely.
'There is ______ doubt that she deserves the award.' The gap suggests certainty:
Complete: Scarcely ______ time had passed when the results were announced.
'There are numerous factors to consider.' NUMEROUS means:
Complete: ______ challenges await anyone who attempts this project.
Identify: 'She has less friends than I expected given her social nature.'
'The data shows little variation.' vs 'The data show little variation.' Which is correct?
Complete: She encountered ______ obstacles on her way to success.
'Precious few opportunities arise in a lifetime.' PRECIOUS FEW means:
Complete: The policy has generated ______ debate among academics.
'Not one of the students had prepared.' NOT ONE emphasises:
Complete: There is an ever-increasing ______ of evidence linking stress to physical illness.
'Such is the paucity of evidence that no conclusion can be drawn.' PAUCITY means:
Complete: She has ______ knowledge on this subject — she's written extensively.
'The vast majority of respondents agreed.' THE VAST MAJORITY implies:
Complete: Not a single ______ voted against the resolution.
'She is among the precious few who truly understand this field.' PRECIOUS FEW here:
Complete: There is ______ skilled workers in this sector.
'Each and every one of us is responsible.' EACH AND EVERY emphasises:
Complete: She has ______ qualifications for this entry-level position.
'Few and far between' means:
Complete: Not ______ a word of apology was offered after the incident.
'The lion's share of the budget was allocated to marketing.' THE LION'S SHARE means:
Complete: There is ______ qualified applicants — the problem is budget constraints.
'She has ______ small fortune in art.' Best quantifier:
Complete: There were ______ 500 candidates for the three positions available.
'Nary a word was said about the incident.' NARY means:
Complete: An ______ majority supported the amendment.
'She needs ______ little encouragement to perform at her best.' Best choice:
Complete: There is ______ options available, which makes choosing difficult.
'She has an innumerable number of followers.' The issue is:
Complete: He wasted ______ time on unproductive activities.
'Not many students passed' vs 'Few students passed.' Which is stronger?
Complete: She made ______ mistakes on her first attempt — remarkably few.
'Scant evidence was presented.' SCANT means:
Used To
Choose a level — your score tracks live
I ______ to school by bike, but now I drive.
People ______ care much about recycling twenty years ago.
It took me a while to ______ working from home.
She ______ her noisy neighbours — it doesn't bother her anymore.
When I was a student, I ______ hours in the library every evening.
'I used to living here' is correct.
Complete: I ______ (not/use/enjoy) cooking, but now I love it.
My diet ______ terrible — I ______ fast food almost every day.
'Would' can be used for past states as well as past actions.
Complete: Technology ______ (use to/be) much simpler — people ______ (would/write) letters.
I ______ be very shy in class, but I'm more confident now.
Complete: I ______ working from home, although it was difficult at first.
'She didn't used to like fish' is correct.
He ______ to work at 6am every morning when he lived on the farm.
Complete: It took time to ______ living alone after moving out.
'I'm not used to the cold weather here.' This means:
Complete: She ______ (use to) smoke, but she gave it up five years ago.
When they were children, they ______ play in the garden until dark.
'He is used to work late' is correct.
Complete: They ______ (would/spend) every summer at their grandparents' house.
'She used to be more outgoing.' This describes a:
Complete: I'm gradually ______ the new software — it's getting easier.
'She used to have long hair.' Can we say 'She would have long hair'?
Complete: I ______ (not/be/used) to spicy food when I first moved here.
'I'm getting used to the noise.' The structure here is:
Complete: When he was young, he ______ (would/go) fishing with his grandfather every weekend.
'She is used to get up early' is correct.
'People didn't use to have smartphones.' This means:
Complete: She ______ (use to) cycle to work, but the company moved so she drives now.
'He used to live in Paris.' Can we replace USED TO with WOULD here?
'She used to be more adventurous.' vs 'She would be more adventurous.' Which is correct?
Complete: 'He found it difficult to ______ eating alone after his wife passed away.'
'I'm now used to being woken by the birds every morning.' What does this imply?
Find the error: 'I use to go to the gym every morning before work.'
Complete: Back when I was a student, my friends and I ______ (would/stay) up talking until 3am.
'She's not used to being criticised.' The structure uses:
Complete: Children ______ (would/make) their own entertainment before the age of technology.
'I find it hard to get used to the silence after living in the city.' This means:
Complete: People ______ (didn't use to) rely on GPS — they read maps and memorised routes.
'She has finally got used to commuting two hours a day.' This means:
Complete: I remember how we ______ (would/meet) at the café every Friday after work.
'It takes time to get used to living in a foreign country.' This means:
Complete: She ______ (would/always/hum) to herself while she worked.
'He'd always bring flowers when he visited.' vs 'He used to always bring flowers.' The difference:
Complete: Things ______ (used to/be) so different here — I barely recognise the neighbourhood.
'Are you used to the new timetable yet?' This question asks:
Complete: I ______ (be/not/use) to giving presentations in front of large audiences.
'She soon got used to the new working hours.' SOON suggests:
Complete: My grandfather ______ (would/tell) the same stories at every family gathering.
'She's still not used to the pace of life in the big city.' STILL NOT USED TO means:
Complete: Back in the day, ______ (there/used to/be) a beautiful old cinema on this street.
'It took her a while to get used to being addressed as Doctor.' GET USED TO expresses:
Complete: People ______ (would not/dream) of travelling so much — it was a luxury.
'I used to like jazz, but now I prefer classical music.' The shift described is:
Complete: It's strange — I ______ (be/now/fully/used) to eating dinner at 10pm.
'As a child, she would spend hours reading.' As a child suggests:
Complete: My eyes ______ time to get used to the bright light after darkness.
'She used to work here.' vs 'She is used to working here.' The difference:
Complete: He ______ (would/practise) for hours every day as a young musician.
'I'm slowly getting used to the idea of retirement.' This means:
Find the error: 'She used to being late all the time.'
Find the error: 'He is use to working in noisy environments.'
Find the error: 'I didn't used to like seafood, but now I love it.'
Find the error: 'She would be the brightest student in her class when she was young.'
Find the error: 'They are getting use to the new system gradually.'
Complete: She ______ (would/often/say) that patience is the most underrated virtue.
'He no longer misses the city — he's fully used to rural life now.' This implies:
Complete: Back then, ______ (there/would/be) a curfew of 10pm.
'She finds it hard to get used to people calling her by her first name.' This implies:
Complete: Life ______ (would/be) so much simpler before the age of smartphones.
'I'd rather not get used to relying on technology too much.' The structure uses:
Complete: Her teacher ______ (would/always/encourage) her to speak up, even when she was shy.
'It's strange to think how different things used to be.' USED TO BE here:
Complete: She ______ (have/get/used) to public speaking — once nerve-wracking, it's now second nature.
'They say you get used to anything if you do it long enough.' Uses:
Complete: What ______ (you/use/do) in your free time before you had children?
'She had difficulty getting used to the new management style.' This implies:
Complete: People ______ (would/commonly/assume) that hard work alone guaranteed success.
'I'm slowly but surely getting used to life without social media.' SLOWLY BUT SURELY suggests:
Complete: She ______ (be/not/used) to being the centre of attention — she prefers working behind the scenes.
'He would always make us laugh with his impressions at family dinners.' WOULD ALWAYS here:
Complete: Back in my day, children ______ (would/be) seen and not heard.
'She's used to the idea of failure — it no longer upsets her.' USED TO THE IDEA means:
Complete: It will take time, but you'll eventually ______ the climate here.
'She wouldn't have put up with that in the old days.' WOULDN'T HAVE here expresses:
Complete: Life in this city ______ (would/once/be) far more affordable for ordinary working people.
'I'm having trouble getting used to the silence.' I'M HAVING TROUBLE + GETTING USED TO means:
Complete: She ______ (be/finally/used) to the sound of the trains — it took months.
'In those days, you used to be able to leave your door unlocked.' USED TO BE ABLE TO means:
Complete: My father ______ (would/insist) we all sit down together for Sunday dinner.
Identify: 'She would be afraid of dogs when she was young.'
Identify: 'There didn't use to be so many cars on the road in the past.'
'She would have us believe that nothing has changed.' WOULD HAVE US BELIEVE means:
Complete: He ______ (once/be) considered the most promising student in his year.
'She is quite unaccustomed to criticism.' UNACCUSTOMED TO is the formal equivalent of:
Complete: I recall how my grandmother ______ (would/hum) softly to herself as she worked.
'She is more than used to dealing with difficult clients.' MORE THAN USED TO means:
Complete: Back when the factory was running, workers ______ (would/put in) twelve-hour shifts routinely.
'The city that once was a quiet market town is now unrecognisable.' ONCE WAS expresses:
Complete: Academics ______ (would/debate) these questions for decades without reaching consensus.
'He is no stranger to hardship.' NO STRANGER TO is equivalent to:
Complete: She has long since ______ (become/used) to the pressure of high-stakes decisions.
'It is said that one never truly gets used to losing a loved one.' The structure reflects:
Complete: As was his wont, he ______ (would/arrive) precisely at noon, never a minute late.
'She found herself growing accustomed to the silence.' GROWING ACCUSTOMED TO is equivalent to:
Complete: It is not something that many people ______ (be/used) to seeing.
'Things were not always thus.' THUS (literary) means:
Complete: He ______ (would/typically/dismiss) objections with a wave of his hand.
'She has become inured to the hardship of fieldwork.' INURED TO means:
Complete: In an earlier era, such behaviour ______ (would/be) unthinkable.
'Old habits die hard — even after years abroad, she still ______ to traditional food.' Best:
Complete: He ______ (be/once/renowned) for his generosity — it's sad to see how he's changed.
'She is past getting used to change — at her age, she finds it impossible.' PAST + -ing means:
Complete: Back when communication meant letter-writing, people ______ (would/take) great care over their words.
'She has grown inured to the critics.' GROWN INURED TO means:
Complete: It was in the nature of the era that people ______ (would/expect) hardship as a matter of course.
'Familiarity breeds contempt — once you get used to something, you take it for granted.' ONCE YOU GET USED TO expresses:
Complete: Such ______ (be/the norm) in those days that nobody questioned it.
'It was second nature to her by then — she had long since got used to it.' SECOND NATURE means:
Complete: Back when coal powered industry, workers ______ (would/labour) twelve hours a day in dangerous conditions.
Linkers
Choose a level — your score tracks live
Exercise is good for you. ______, it helps reduce stress.
I enjoy city life. ______, I miss the countryside sometimes.
She studied hard. ______, she passed the exam.
______ I enjoy grammar, I find it challenging sometimes.
HOWEVER can start a sentence with a comma after it.
DESPITE is followed by a full clause with subject + verb.
Complete: ______ the bad weather, we decided to go ahead with the picnic.
Complete: The city has many advantages. ______, it can be very expensive.
______ of all, I'd like to thank everyone for coming today.
BECAUSE and BECAUSE OF are always interchangeable.
Complete: She was exhausted. ______, she stayed up to finish the project.
FOR EXAMPLE is used to:
Complete: I love reading. ______, I enjoy cooking as well.
THEREFORE links:
TO SUM UP is used at the beginning of a speech.
Complete: ______ example, cycling and walking are great ways to reduce emissions.
Which is the odd one out (different function)?
Complete: ______ all, I believe that learning languages opens many doors.
SO can be used as a result linker: 'It was late, so we left.'
Which sentence uses a PURPOSE linker?
Complete: The project was delayed ______ unexpected technical problems.
ALL IN ALL means:
Complete: ______ she was nervous, she delivered an excellent presentation.
MOREOVER can replace BUT in a sentence.
Complete: The new law aims to reduce pollution. ______, it will also create new jobs.
Which linker introduces a SEQUENCE?
Complete: ______ I was tired, I couldn't sleep — my mind was too active.
IN MY OPINION is used to express:
Complete: She is very talented. ______, she works extremely hard.
Complete: I exercise every morning ______ stay fit and reduce stress.
NOT ONLY is she talented, ______ she is also incredibly hard-working.
Complete: ______ living in a big city has many advantages, it can also be very stressful.
'The project failed ______ poor communication between the teams.'
Best linker: 'It was raining heavily. ______, we decided to go for a walk.'
Complete: ______ I enjoy my job, I sometimes find it stressful during busy periods.
WHEREAS is used to show:
Complete: She prefers reading ______ her brother loves watching TV.
CONSEQUENTLY is closest in meaning to:
Complete: He arrived late ______ his flight was delayed by three hours.
DESPITE THE FACT THAT is followed by:
Complete: ______ the high cost, many families still choose private schools.
Which is a CONCESSION linker?
Complete: ______ does she speak Spanish, ______ she also reads Latin.
IN SPITE OF HER BEST EFFORTS, she couldn't finish. Rewritten as:
Complete: The climate is getting warmer. ______, sea levels are rising.
'I'll help you ______ you help me next time.' Best linker:
Complete: ______ I understand your point, I'm afraid I can't agree with you.
'She achieved her goal ______ facing many obstacles.'
Complete: I love this city. ______, the traffic and pollution are getting worse.
Which sentence uses a linker INCORRECTLY?
Complete: They were exhausted ______ having worked sixteen hours straight.
'The new system is faster and more reliable. ______, it is also much cheaper.'
Complete: Pollution is a serious issue. ______, governments must take immediate action.
Best linker: 'I exercise every day. ______, I watch what I eat.'
Complete: The results were disappointing. ______, the team refused to give up.
'She worked hard. ______, she deserved the promotion.'
Complete: ______ (while/accept) your argument, I believe the evidence points elsewhere.
Complete: I agree with your point. ______ (said), I think the benefits outweigh the costs.
Complete: The project was delayed ______ (not only) poor planning ______ (but also) lack of funding.
'She's not the most organised person, to say the least.' This implies:
Find the error: 'Despite she studied hard, she didn't pass the exam.'
Find the error: 'The project was successful, however it took longer than expected.'
Find the error: 'Furthermore, the results were disappointing, the team refused to give up.'
Find the error: 'Although of the high cost, the company decided to proceed.'
Find the error: 'The meeting was cancelled owing that the manager was ill.'
Find the error: 'I agree with your point. Having said that, but I think there are exceptions.'
Find the error: 'She works hard. Therefore she deserves a raise.' (punctuation)
Find the error: 'In conclusion, I would like to point out three things: Firstly...'
'The more we consume, the worse the environmental impact.' This structure uses:
INASMUCH AS the data is incomplete, we cannot draw firm conclusions. INASMUCH AS expresses:
Complete: She hardly spoke. ______, she made her point clearly.
Complete: ______ hard she tries, she never seems to reach her goals.
Which is the most FORMAL way to say 'because of this'?
Complete: ______ she had no formal training, her work was extraordinary.
CONVERSELY is closest in meaning to:
Complete: The new medicine works well ______ at regular intervals.
'The proposal has merit; that said, it requires significant revision.' THAT SAID functions as:
Complete: We reduced costs ______ on quality.
'The findings were inconclusive, ______ the study was not without value.'
Complete: ______ hard she practises, she can't seem to hit the high notes.
Find the error: 'The economy has grown. Nevertheless the unemployment rate remains high.'
'The project was innovative ______ difficult to implement.' Best word:
Complete: She not only wrote the report ______ presented it to the board.
Find the error: 'She works hard. As a result, but she still hasn't been promoted.'
EVEN THOUGH she was exhausted, she finished the race. Can be rewritten as:
Complete: The project is innovative ______ difficult to implement. (formal concession pair)
'She was promoted not because of seniority but ______ her outstanding results.'
Complete: ______ (while/acknowledge) its limitations, the framework provides a useful starting point.
Find the error: 'He conceded to making an error in his calculations.'
Complete: Her argument, ______ persuasive, overlooks some crucial evidence.
Identify register error: 'The CEO's decision, albeit controversial, made financial sense.' Is ALBEIT appropriate?
'The policy reduced costs; moreover, it improved employee satisfaction.' MOREOVER creates:
Complete (academic): 'The data suggests a correlation; ______, causation cannot be assumed.'
Identify: 'As regards to the budget, further discussion is needed.'
IN THAT is a formal linker meaning:
Complete: '______ its limitations, the framework provides a useful starting point.'
'The argument is valid ______ far as it goes, but ignores key factors.'
Complete: 'The evidence is compelling. ______, there remain unanswered questions.'
Identify punctuation error: 'She failed the test, therefore, she had to resit it.'
'Granted, the research has limitations, but the core findings are solid.' GRANTED functions as:
Complete: 'The study contributes ______ extending current models ______ addressing overlooked variables.'
Which is most precise for academic contrast of two studies?
Identify: 'She was promoted. Similarly, she received a bonus.' (two different types of events)
BY THE SAME TOKEN means:
Complete: Her argument, ______ (while/persuasive), overlooks crucial evidence.
'Her argument, while persuasive, overlooks crucial evidence.' The embedded WHILE here:
Complete: The results are far from ______ (conclusive), yet point in a clear direction.
Identify: 'The new policy aims to reduce inequality. Similarly, it will also increase public spending.'
INSOFAR AS means:
Complete: ______ (despite/everything) working against them, they delivered on time.
'The argument stands ______ its flaws.' Best preposition:
Complete: The economic model has been criticised. ______, it remains the dominant framework.
Identify: 'The experiment was a success. As a result of this, but more work is needed.'
Complete: There are aspects of the proposal ______ merit further discussion.
THEREIN LIES THE CHALLENGE — THEREIN refers to:
Complete: The policy succeeded ______ not without controversy.
Identify: 'However there has been progress, challenges remain.'
Complete: ______ (no matter what) the outcome, we will stand by our decision.
'The findings are preliminary ______ suggestive of broader patterns.' Best word:
Complete: She succeeded ______ all the odds being against her.